best available cop



BEST AVAILABLE cop.

(No Model.) 4 SheetsSheet 1.

G. G. CURTIS, S. S. WHEELER & P. B. GROCKBR. ARMATURE AND PROCESS OF ANDAPPARATUS FOR FORMING TEE SAME.

Nd. 359,205. Patented M21128, 1887.

QR) Lt-neooco I I 1 true 1 1 o-w ZO. @M 0 A, QM. KQ Q @z ww #nM 2 0mm.

BEST AVAILABLE com 4 SheetsSheet 2. .S. S. WHEELER & P, B. GROGKER.ARMATURE AND PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING THE SAME.

G. G. CURTIS Patented Mar. 8, 1887.

l/Vi l ne we:

BEST AVAILABLE COP".

{(No mom. 4 "Sheets-Sheet 3.

RC. CURTIS, s. WHEELER & 51".. B. GROGKER. ARMAT-URE AND PROCESS OF ANDAPPARATUS ZPOR FORMING THE SAME.

,M 359,205. Palt-ented Mar. 8, 1887.

BEST AVAILABLE COP" (No Model.) 4' Sheets-Sheet 4.

G. G. CURTIS, S. SWHEELER & B. OROCKER. I ARMATURB AND PR Patented Mar.8, 1887.

OOESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING THE SAME.

' ables us to form windings composed of a very 5o windi-ngthecopperwir'e, ribbon, or conductor UNITED STATES BEST AVAILABLE con PATENTQEEICE.

CHARLES G. oua'r s, sonu yLER s. WHEELER, AND FRANCIS B. GROCKER, OF NEWYORK, N. ASSIGNORS TO THE 0. e o. ELECTRIC MOTOR COMPANY.

ARMAIURE AND PROCESS OF AND APPARATUS FOR FORMING THE SAME.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Application flied Julyl, 1886.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that we, CHARLFS G. CURTIS, SCHUYLER S. WHEELER, and FRANCISB. CROCKER, of the city, county, and State of 5 New York, have inventeda new and useful Armature and Process of Winding or Form iug Armaturesfor Dynamo-ElectricMachines and Electric 1\I0iQl-S,Of which thefollowing is a specification.

Heret-ofore the ordinary way of winding armatnres has been to build upor form the iron core in the desired way. and after preparing it toreceive the winding by covering the iron with someinsulating materialthe inr 5- snlatcd wire which forms the winding is wound directly uponthe core itself by hand. The process of winding the wire in the case ofSiemens arrnatures is a very long anddifficult one, because the windingnecessarily becomes veryirregular, and it is also very difficult andexpensive in the caseof Grannne rings, because the end of the wire orthereel from which the wire is taken has to be passed through the A ringonce for every convolution wound.

In an application filed by said Curtistand Crock'cr in the Patent Oificeon the 4th day of March, 1886, Serial No. 194,020, we have described anarmaturewiuding consisting of a flat copper wire, ribbon, or strip woundon edge upon the iron core, so that its width or greater dimensionstands radial to the cone. By means of this form of winding we areenabled to construct an armature havinga given 5 resistance which iscomposed of a very much greater number of turns than-wonld otherwise bethe case,and which is formed of only a sin-' gle layer of winding.

Our present invention can be applied to .any

kind of wire-winding; but it is especially applicable to this form ofwinding, and ena les us to produce such armatures as well as other formsof winding with great rapidity and at, an enormously-reduced cost, anditalsoenmuch thinner ribbon or of wires of other shape which could notbe done in an y other way.

' Ourihvention consists in forming the winding or conducting part of thearmature by upon a mandrel or form'ota proper shape,

Patent No. 359,205, dated March a. Iss7.

Serial No. 208,907. (No model.)

and then removing the continuous spiral or winding so formed from theform and transferring it to the iron core, which-has prcv i ouslybeenprepared to receive it.

Several ditfcrent ways of carrying on our process are illustrated in theaccompanying drawings.

Figure 1 is a top view showing one form of machine for winding thecopper wire or ribbon upon a mandrel according to our invention. Fig. 2is a horizontal projection of the same, showing the winding-arm insection. Fig. 3 is the corresponding view of the wire guide or eye onthe end of the arm. Fig. 4 is a view of the armature-core prepared toreceive the winding and showing the winding partly slipped ouortranslerred to the core. Fig. 5 is a top viewofanother form of wi nd irig-machine, showing another method of winding the wire upon themandrel. Fig. 6 is an end,and Fig. 7 a side view ofthe same. Fig. Sis atop view, and Fig. 9 an end view, of the same form of winding-inachi nc,showing our method of producing a raised or projecting. convolution atevery connnutatorsection. Fig. 10 shows our winding formed withsuchprojecting convolutions, which lies been removed from the mandrel. Fig.ll'is an end view showing a portion of the winding transferred to thecore. Figs. 12 and 13 are top and end views withstill another form ofwinding-ninchine in which a round mandrel is employed. Figs. 14 and 15show the same form of machine employing a lint mandrel.

We shall first describe the winding apparatus shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 8of the drawings, A represents a form or mandrel oi the propershape--that is, having the same shape and cross-section as that of theiron ring which forms the armatnre-core,'or the same shape as that ofthe winding itself when the winding is in place upon the core. This formof mandrel is mounted in a winding apparatus-such as the head and tailspindles of alathe-so that it can be revolved on its axis at the desiredrate. One end of the mandrel has attached to it a collar, a, which formsa shoulder,against which the-wire begins to wind, and acts as a clamp tohold the end of the wire. The machine is also 100 provided with a slideor carriage, B, upon which ismonnteda vertically-pivoted arm, 0,

- in-thedrawings, which is provided with a withdrawn from the windin andwhich is moved along parallel to the mandrel at the proper rate, like anordinary sliderest, by the feed-screw D,,which is properly geared tothehead-spindle E. The arm G extends across and rests upon the mandrel A,being pressed downward by the weight F, suspended from the arm, andbeing pressed side" wise against the convolutions of wire that arealready wound by the spring G. \Vhere the arm projects-across themandrel it is grooved out to form a shoulder, 0, against which the wirerests while the arm is bending it to conform to the mandrel, the wirebeing fed into this groove through an eye, I, in a suitable guide on thefree end of the arm.

In using an ordinary insulated or naked wire or a fiat wire or ribbonwound on edge, as the drawings show, the operation of this machine is asfollows: The end of the wire K is passed through the eye I into thegroove under the shoulder c,and-attaclied to the mandrel close up to thecollara in any convenient way,such-as by hooking-it in a'sloltin thecollar a. The downward pressure of the arm 0 is then adjusted l0 as'tobe suflrcientto bend the wire to the shape of the mandrel, and thetension of the spring G is adjusted so as to cause the arm to presssidewise against the flat ribbon with suffloient force to compel it toremain in an upright position. turning in the-direction indicated bythe'arrow, and the wire is wound on by the arm 0, which rises and fallsasthe flatman'dtel' turns, and isfed along seas toeractlykeep pace withthe windin' ;or, iiTothei 'wordsf's'o as to keep the arm at afixedinclination to the mandrel, which inclination s'nou'ld beslightlygreater than the pitch of tire spiral winding, in order to avoid therisk of having the wire climb upon the convolution previously wound. IThe winding goes on automatically in this way until a'suiiicient numberof convolutions have been completed to form a portion of or the entirearmature-windinggas the case may be, or a long enough mandrel may beused to hold enough winding for annmb'er' of armatures, which wouldenable several windings to be made in one operation in one piece, andcut up in the desired length afterward. The wire is then cut ofi and themandrel removed from the winding-machine, after which the windingis'withdrawn from the mandrel. As the wire winds on, it hugs the mandreltightly. This can best be accomplished by using, a sectional ors'piit'inandrel, such as that shown tapering core or center, which mayreadily be forced or knocked out from one end, so as to allow themandrel to collapse, and be easily This winding is then transferred or.slip onto the core or iron ring, which, if necessary, has beencoatedwithoriincased in a suitable insulating mate rial or covering, and whichis formed of two jointed halves, so that the ring can be opened and thewinding slipped on, as we have shown "in Fig. After the windinghas beenslipped The mandrel-A is then set- BEST AVAILABLE COP of the ringtogether, and looking or connecting them by a pin passed through therings alternately,- or in any other desirable way. The ends of thewinding where they meet can then be soldered connected together, thusforming a COIllPlL Gramnie ring, which can be mounted upon a shaft andprovided with a commutator, like the machine described in or in otherdesired ways. As we have already stated, the winding of the entire ringmay either be composed of one piece and slipped over the complete ringat once, as we haveindicatcd in Fig. 4, or it may be made in two halvesand slipped over the two halves bf the ring separately, and the halfrings then brought together, or it may be made in a greater number ofparts or sections, if desirable.

The windingmay be formed of either a naked or an insulated wire orribbon insulated in any desired way; but if a naked wire be used, itwillbe necessary to insulate it after it is formed into the desiredshape, or else provide some other means for preventing the convolutionsfrom touching and short-circuiting each other. We have devisedtwodifi'erent ways of accomplishing this. One is to take-the naked windingor spiral as it comes oftthe mandrel and spread or stretch it so thatthe convolutions stand apart, and then coat it with some insulatingmaterial-such as shellac, for example-by dipping it in a bath of liquidshellac or' other material, and, if desirable, afterward'applying some,insulating-powder -or solid material before the shellac is dry, so as toform a coating, which will not melt by a nioderate amount of heating,such as the armature winding is liable to, and become squeezed out. andallow the convolutions to come toshellac', a hard coating may readilybeobtained by bakin'gthe winding after dipping it. The other way ofpreventing the convolutions from touching each other in cases wherenaked wire is usedis to wind in an insulating sheet or tape between thesuccessive convolntions of :the winding. This may be done at the samemandrel, as we have shown in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4. A thin tape, 7;, isled into the arm at 'the same time as the wire K, throughananliesbetweeu'the wire and the convolution last wound, andthe other edge liesbetween the wire and themandrel, thns holding the convolutionsaparhandat. the same time forming an insulation on the inside of thewinding,

core, prevents-the naked wire from coming in contact with the iron.

ing-machi'ne and a modification 'of our procem mandrel mounted-so thatit can be made to on, the ring is closed by bringing the two parts I.gether. f If the winding be simply dipped in- Figs. 5, 6,'and 7 showanother form of windthe application filed by us, before referred to,

time that.the'-wire is being wound upon the.

I20 gle slot, 1', so as to surround the wire on two sides, as-sceninFig. 2. One edge of the which, when the winding is slipped'onto'the.

of winding. "In this case A represents the In this machine the armitself, instead of bc ing simply channeled out on the side next to thewinding, so as to form a shoulder, which presses the. wire sidewiscagainst the preceding convolution, is slot-ted, as clear] y shown inFig. 7, so as to form a groove of the same cross section as the wirestrip or ribbon, leaving'a thin tongue or partition, 1, between the wircas it winds and the \receding convolution, against; which the arm isconstantly pressed by the action of the weight \V. -The slot in the arm0 thus forms a shoulder on each side of the flat wire, which holds'thewire upright and compels it to remain in that position while winding, sothat it is impossible for the wire to twist or lie down on the mandrel.As the wire winds upon the mandrel the tongue t intervenes between itand the preceding convolution, and consequently there is a space betweenthe convolution last tormcd and the preecdiug convolution equal to thethickness of the tongue. If the side pressure of the arm 0 he made veryslight. or be taken away entirely,

there will he a space between all the convolut-ious equahto thethickness of the tongue, and the' convolutions may be brought closertogether when the winding is finished or after it hasheen removed fromlll0 llltllldl(:l; but they can be wound close together upon the mandrelby adjusting the weight \V so that the side pressure ot'thc tongue 1 onthe convolution previously wound issullicicnt to push the wire upagainst the preceding, convolution. As the wire is fed to the machinc'itpasses through the arm C onto the inside of the tongue t,- but as itcomes round again on the mandrel it passes on thcontside of the tonguet, which then becomes a shoulder and shoves the wire along the mandreland into contact with the preceding convolution. Of course the slot inthe arm may be given any dcsired'shap to receive whatever shaped wire isused, and the tongue or partition I may be made of any desiredthickness.

In the machine shown in Figs. 5 and 6 the arm C is made to presstransversely upon the mandrel with a suflicient't'orce to bend the wireby the spring F, which is adjusted to the proper tension, and which ofcourse may be used instead of a'wcight for this purpose. Inthisiuachine, as in the one previously de scribed, the edge ofthe arm ortonguet where it bears sidewisc. against the wire should-evi- -dentlystand at an inclination to' the mandrel slightly greater than theinclination or pitch of the wire, as shown in Fig. 6, so that the armand consequently is not raised.

M59105 AVAltABLECOP" 3 will not climb up on the eonvolut-ious alreadywound.

In Figs. Sand 9 we havcshown an improved attachment to the machine shownin Figs. 5,

(3, and 7, and a process of winding by which an armature windL'ig' isproduced accordin to our invention, having certain of its convolutionsraised or proiccting or wound difl'crently from the rest ,at the pointswhere the connections are to be made to the commutatorstrips, so thatthe eommutater-connections can be very easily and reliably made. In theanachinc and process shown in Figs. 8 and!) we accomplish this by meansof a finger or lump, s-,.which is caused to bb inserted under the wireat the moment the arm is forming the particular convolution to which thecommu= tater-strip is to connect, so thatthis particular convolution,instead of touching the mandrel, is wound on top of the-finger orshoulder, and consequent] y is raised and projects beyond the otherconvolutions an amount equal to the thickness of, the linger or-lump s.This finger vcattach to a slide or sleeve, S. which is mounted so as tobe'eapable of sliding lengthwise ou the mandrel, and is provided withsuitable means of shifting itlengthwiseat the proper times. We havcshownthefingers made in the form of a crescent, the outside surface or faceof which, upon which the wire winds, lieing semicircular incross-section, exactly like the. edge of the mandrel. in which case aprojecting convolution would be formed semicircular in shape,corresponding exactly in shape with thcother convol utions;l utotconrscthe finger 8 may be given any desired shape and thickness, as to producea projecting convolution ol'any desired shape. .lhemanncr of using thismachine is as follows: The winding is begun, and after a. certain numberof ordinary convolntions have been wound upon the mandrel, and while.the mandrel is turning, the sleeve S is slid so as to bring the lingera, resting againstthe last wound convolution, 1', and under the arm'lhis is done immediately bet'orcthc mandrel reaches the position shownin Fig. 9, or. in fact, any time before the wire begins to wind over thecdgcof the mandrel on which the linger is. As the mandrel continuesturning,cnrr ving of course with it the finger a, the wire winds on topof the finger, and conforms to its shape, so that. this convolution israised and projects beyond the others, corresponding in shapcto theshape of the form. After the mandrel has made one further complete turn,so as to bring the arm (2 parallel with the tint side of the mandrel andresting against the straight part of the convolution last wound, or, inother words, so that the mandrel has not quite reached the positionshown in Fig. 0, the linger s is quickly withdrawn from under the arm,so that: the convolution then being formed, which is the next one to theraised convolution just before wound, is wound di reetl y on the mandrelitself, The'winding 4 359,205 BE ST AVAILABLE COP then goes on, thefingers being kept out of the way until enough more convolntions havebeen formed to complete another section, when the finger s is againinserted at the proper instant, and the next convolution winds on top ofthe finger, and consequently forms a projecting convolution at theproper point in the winding to make connection with the correspondingcommutator strip. \Vhcn the mandrel comes round to the properpointagaimthe finger s is again withdrawn, and then the ordinary windinggoes on again until another section is completed, when the operation ofinserting and withdrawing the finger is again repeated, and so on untila sufficient number of sections have been wound. The winding is thenremoved from the mandrel and is ready to be applied to the commutator. In this way a. winding isjormed, having projecting convolutions 1) pp onthe .end,'as seen in Fig. 10, which shows a portion of the winding atright anglesto its longerdimensiomand as shownalso in Fig. 11,which isan end view of a portion of.

the armature, the positionof the projecting eonvolutions being indicatedin Fig. 11 by the shadows castby them upon the adjacent convolutions. Ofcourse in the process of winding, the raised convolution may be made toproject any'desiredamount, and the projecting part may be given anydesired shape by properly shaping the finger or portion 8, and thenumber and positions of these projecting convolutions may of course bemade to correspond with the commutator by properly regu- 'tervenebetween the consecutive lating the number of convolutions whichinprojecting con volutions.

In Figs. 12, 13, 14-, and .15 we hzwe shown another machine and mode offorming the armature winding according to our invention. Figs. 12 and 13show a machine in which a round or cylindrical mandrel is employed. Inthis machine the mandrel is formed with aspiral' slot or-groove cut inits surface of exactly the same width and depth as the wire, and thewire is wound onby an arm, 0, the under face of which presses the wireinto the spiral slot as the mandrel revolves. the arm being fed along atthe proper rate] by a screw-feed, as shown, or in any other desired way.With this form of mandrel the wire is rigidly supported-in the mandrelitself on both sides throughout its entire length, so that it isimpossible for the wire to fall over or wind improperly, however thin orwide a ribbon be employed. \Vhen the mandrel has been wound full, itmay. be withdrawn from the winding by screwingit out of the winding. orby using a sectional mandrel. which can be made to collapse by knockingout a center piece or core, V, like that shown in Fig. 13.

Figs. 14 and 15 show the same machine-and method, a flat mandrel beingemployedin this (use, the mandrel being sectionally built up,

so that it can collapse, asshown in Fig. 15, for

example, so that by knocking out the core V,

which should be made tapering, the other .isput upon this Figs. 8, 9,10, and 11, for example, we fornr the spiral groove in the mandrel withraised portions s s at the proper points on the edge of the mandrel, sothat the wire winds on top of these lumps, and consequently forms raisedor projecting couvolntions at these points in the winding.

Our invention may evidently also be applied to the winding or forming ofarinatures in which the winding is composed of more than one layer,likethat described in our application before referred to, by winding theseveral layers of each section atatimeupon the mandrel, and then passingto and winding the adjoining section in the same way, the 'sectionsbeing wound continuously upon the mandrel, sothat the-wire from oneleads directly to themext section without abreak, and, if desirablgthewire may be wound so as toproject beyond the other convolutions at thejunction, so as to enable the connections to'be easily made to thecommutator. When the desired number of sections have been-wound upon themandrel, the winding is then removed from the mandrl and transferred tothe armature-core, as in the case of a winding composed'fof only onelaver.

\Ve are aware that in English Patent No. 3,880 of 1881 there isdescribed a method of forming the armature wire or conductor into therequired form to be applied to the armature-core; but this isessentially different from our invention, because in that method thewire or conductor is formedor reduced to the required shape of thewinding by a combination of alternately-acting rolls,which compressandpractically forge thewirediiferently at differ ent ppints, and by soforging it (listends one part more than another to make it take a curvedfornnwhich method can only be employed, if at all, where a fiat wirewinding is used, and cannot be used to produce a winding composed of anumber of layers, besides which this method necessarily involvesreducing .the thickness or ;cross section of the copper conductor at itsbends, so as to be less than its cross-seotion at other points, and themethod is a very difiicult oneto carry on properly, the softness of thecopper conductor affectihg the result, so that the ends cannot be ofuniform size and shape, whereas in our process we form the completewinding or serics of sections by bending instead of forging the wirewithout changing materially the cross-sectional form, and producecoilsof uniform shape and dimensions to form the several sectionssuccessively of a continuous wire tout the armature-core or a sectionthereof, after which the continuous winding so formed armaturecore, andconstitutes thcconnected continuous sections. This modep'f bending orforming the'wihding not only enables us to form the entire winding 4described.

"very much more rapidly and easily than can be done in any other way,but it enables us to use a wire or cqnductorof any desired crosssectionor shape, and itienables us to wind on 5 any desired number ofsuperposed layers, the same continuous wire. leading directly'from onearmature-section to the next without us; cessitating speciallyconnecting the adjacent ends of separate wires constituting the sepe-.jqiate sections, as has always had tofbe done heretofore, .Onrinvention consists, therefore, in bending the wirc intc the-desiredshapeof the-coils in .,contradisli nction to forging" the wire, and thuscausing the wiregto-ap'proximate the desired form, andjn afterward ap--plying the windings to the-armature-core'.

What we claim as our invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent,is--- I -1. The herein-describedimprovementlin the 2 art ofmakingarmatures for dynamo electri'c machines or motors, consisting inwinding a flexible coil of continuous wire suflicient inv lengthtoconstitute two or more connected armature-sections by bending the wirein con- "2 't-radistinction to forging the same, and then.transferrin'gsaid flexible coil to the'armature- -core,- substantiallyas described. 4 g 2, The herein-described improvement in the art ofmaking armatures for dynamo-electric 3o mechine'sand motors, consistingin' making a. 1. continuous flexible coil of" wire of practicallyuniform cross-section, adapted to'bend to accommodate itself to thearmature-core, and then transferring vit to and securing it on the 5latter, snbstantjahyas describeda, 8. Theherein-described improvement inthe art of making armatures for dynamo-electric machines or electricmotors,'consistiiig in bend ing, in contradistinction toforging, acontinuone .wire or conductor into a continuous flexible coil toconstitute a series of armature, sections, and then putting .the se neupon the nrmaturecore and connecting-each section with part. of thecommutator,substantially as 4. The'-herein-described improvement in theart of making armatures fordynamo-electric machines or electric motors,consisting in wind- 'ing acontinuous wire'or conductor so as to form .anentire flexible armature-winding'by' bending the wire incontradistinctiqn toforge ing them-me, and then pntting'thje winding soformed on to' the ermaturefcore, substan- .tiallyiasdesc'ribedJ a a 5.Thehereimdescribed imp ag eements; armatu res for 'machinesjor electricmotors,co ings offiat wire or -con' forni s'e ontinheiis' flexible crovem eg t in the dynanio electric, nsisting in windoil -by bendid the I'nction to forging the same, aafd-then applying said coil to thearmaturee rs, subetantiailyasgdescribed.f-.-

1 f6; The herein-dcsciibedimprovemcnt in the i an; of. ram narmfiWjm-dynamo-dectric divided into sections by convolutions which drcl A, of the traveling carriage B, and the arm 14.Thecombination,witht-he revolv ductoren-cdgeto-" 5 BEST AVAILABLE COPmachines or electric motors,consisting inwind- 6 ingl two or 'morearmature-sections of -a con tinuous wire or conductor with one of theturns or convolutions of each armature-section projecting beyond theothers, then applying the coil soforrnedto the armature-core, and jdconnectingtherespective commutator-strips to the said'projectingconvolutions, substantiallyias described- 1 A '7. The herein-describedarmature having two or more 9f -its sections, woundrwithacontinuous wireor conduetonone of, the convo- ,lutions of each section or theconvolution at thejunction of each two sections being formedso astoproject beyondthe adjoining convo lutions, and being connected with thecorresponding commutat'or-strip. 5 I

8. The herein-described armature having a winding formed of a continuousflat wire, rib-l bon, or conductor on edge, the winding being 5 projectbeyond the others, and are connected with the correspondingcommutator-strips.

9. The combination, with the revolving flat mandrel A, of the arm 0,which bears upon the outside of the ,wire and bends it to conform to theshape'of the-mandrel, substantially as described.

10. The combinatiomwith the revolvingmandrel A',of the armor stationaryguide C, formed with a slot or groove in which the wire is bent toconform to themandreL-andat the sanie timejsupported on both sides, soas to keep it upright, substantially as described.

11. The combination, with the revolving mandrel A and means for windingthe wire or conductor thereon, of the fingers .9, adapted tobeintroduced under the wire as it winds upon the mandrel, substantiallyas described,

12 .-Thecombinati0n, with the revolving mandrel A and meansfor-windingthe wire or con- -ductor thereonfof the sleeve S, sliding upon themandrel, and the finger '8, attached to the sleeve, substantiallydescribed.

13. Thcombinatiohmith the revolving mau- I I IO 0, pivotedto thecarriage, which bears upon the outside of the wire and-bends it toconform to "theishape of lhe mandrel. substantially as described. I

i-ng -man- 1 r5 drel A, of the'traveling'carriage Band the arm 0,pivoted tliereon'andformed with a groove or islotgon its surface whereit-bears upon the mandrel, th ron'g'hwhich slot the wire is fed. andwound upon' the mandrel, substanially as described,--- cans-c. CURTIS. fSClEI-UYLER S. FRANQIS'B. GROOKEQ. -Witriesses': .WILLLLM'A'. Damian,

- Si BaAD'LEY.

